Speakers - WNRC2026

Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most prevalent form of brain injury and, despite its “mild” classification, often results in persistent cognitive and psychosocial impairments. These impairments—such as memory difficulties, attention deficits, slowed information processing, and reduced verbal fluency—may not be readily visible but can significantly disrupt an individual’s daily functioning, self-efficacy, interpersonal relationships, and social participation. While existing research primarily emphasizes the neuropathological mechanisms and quantitative outcomes of cognitive rehabilitation, patients' lived experiences following mTBI remain underexplored. This study aims to understand how individuals with mTBI perceive and respond to cognitive changes in their everyday lives.

Adopting a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with three mTBI patients within six months post-injury. Participants were purposefully sampled through neurosurgical clinical referrals based on their self-reported cognitive complaints. All participants exhibited mild cognitive impairments based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and reported difficulties such as forgetfulness, decreased concentration, and expressive language challenges. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, and credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were ensured using Lincoln and Guba’s (1985) qualitative rigor framework.

Three major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Regressing daily functions—participants described experiencing fatigue, cognitive slowing, and reduced control over life rhythm, resulting in limited capacity to maintain former routines; (2) Emotional responses to cognitive decline—including feelings of helplessness, withdrawal from social interaction, and uncertainty about self-worth and future functioning; and (3) Living within limits—participants adapted by modifying their expectations, using memory aids and social support, and embracing a cautious, step-by-step approach to daily activities. They expressed a gradual shift toward accepting a new, slower pace of life and redefining their roles and priorities to match their post-injury capabilities.

These findings highlight that even mild brain injuries can lead to significant and long-lasting disruptions in cognitive and emotional domains, shaping how individuals relate to themselves and their environments. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to recognize and respond to patients’ subjective experiences, not just clinical indicators. Holistic, person-centered care should address the emotional burden, identity transformation, and coping strategies patients employ during recovery. Moreover, interdisciplinary collaboration—including nursing, neuropsychology, occupational therapy, and family support—is essential in designing continuous and context-sensitive care models. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of mTBI recovery and offers empirical insights for improving post-injury rehabilitation and psychosocial support systems.